This kind of weather change happens because of the importance the world's oceans have on climate near coasts. Sea currents can take warmer waters to colder places, or the exact reverse, cold water to warmer locations, in other words, they regulate the temperature between the various places they are in contact with.
These sea currents make it very difficult to fully predict some changes until they actually take place.
The fact that there are regions that depend on these currents to maintain a certain temperatures means that tempering with these currents can cause serious problems.
In recent years, global warming has caused glaciers to melt. This, in turn, has been responsible for adding large quantities of cold water to the ocean, which can cause a lot of problems with the currents, destroying some and creating new ones entirely. Another possible cause, one that has only appeared in certain isolated incidents, is water pollution.
A good example is Britain, whose "mild" temperatures during winter may come to an end since the warmer waters brought through the Golf Stream, which were responsible for said weather, may stop reaching Britain because of the recent climatic changes.
As for the solution, there isn't much to write about, since most of this problem is a "side effect" of global warming, and as such holds the same solutions.
Information and images from:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/3266833.stm
http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/rapid/sis/sistop.php
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